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Syllabus:History
(Main) |
Paper-I
Section-A
1. Sources and approaches to study of early Indian history.
2. Early pastoral and agricultural communities. The archaeological
evidence.
3. The Indus Civilization: its origins, nature and decline.
4. Patterns of settlement, economy, social organization and religion
in India
(c. 2000 to 500 B.C.) : archaeological perspectives.
5. Evolution of north Indian society and culture: evidence of Vedic
texts
(Samhitas to Sutras).
6. Teachings of Mahavira and Buddha. Contemporary society. Early
phase of
state formation and urbanization.
7. Rise of Magadha; the Mauryan empire. Ashoka's inscriptions; his
dhamma.
Nature of the Mauryan state.
8-9 Post-Mauryan period in northern and peninsular India: Political
and
administrative history,. Society, economy, culture and religion.
Tamilaham and
its society: the Sangam texts.
10-11 India in the Gupta and post-Gupta period (to c. 750) :
Political histroy
of northern and peninsular India; Samanta system and changes in
political
structure; economy; social structure; culture; religion.
12. Themes in early Indian cultural history: languages and texts;
major stages
in the evolution of art and architecture; major philosophical
thinkers and
schools; ideas in science and mathematics.
Section-B
13. India, 750-1200 : Polity, society and economy. Major
dynasties and
political structurs in North India. Agrarian structures. " Indian
feudalism".
Rise of Rajputs. The Imperial Cholas and their contemporaries in
Peninsular
India. Villagle communities in the South. Conditions fof women.
Commerce
mercantile groups and guilds; towns. Problem of coinage. Arab
conquest of
Sind; the Ghaznavide empire.
14. India, 750-1200: Culture, Literature, Kalhana, historian. Styles
of temple
architecture; sculpture. Religious thought and institutions:
Sankaracharya's
vedanta. Ramanuja. Growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India.
Sufism.
Indian science. Alberuni and his study of Indian science and
civilization.
15. The 13th Century. The Ghorian invasions. Factors behind Ghorian
success.
Economic, social and cultural consequences. Foundation of Delhi
Sultanate. The
"slave" Dynasty. IItutmish; Balban. "The Khalji Revolution". Early
Sultanate
architecture.
16. The 14th Century. Alauddin Khalji's conquests, agrarian and
economic
measures. Muhammad Tughluq's major "projects". Firuz Tughluq's
concessions and
public works. Decline of the Sultante. Foreing contacts: Ibn Battuta.
17. Economy societyand culture in the 13th and 14th centureis. Caste
and
slavery under sultanate. Tehnological changes. Sultanate
architecture.
[persian literature: Amir Khusrau, Historiography; Ziya Barani.
Evolution of a
composite culture. Sufism in North India. Lingayats. Bhakti schools
in the
south.
18. The 15th and early16th Century (Political History). Rise of
Provincial
Dynasties: Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat, Malwa,
Bahmanids. The
Vijayanagra Empire. Lodis. Mughal Empire, First phase : Babur,
Humayun. The
Sur Empire : Sher Shah's administration. The Portuguese colonial
enterprise.
19. The 15th and early 16th Century (society, economy and culture).
Regional
cultures and literatures. provincial architectural styles. Society,
culture,
literature and the arts in Vijayanagara Empire.
Monotheistic movements: Kabir and Guru Nank. Bhakti Movements:
Chaitanya.
Sufism in its pantheistic phase.
20. Akbar: His conquests and consolidation of empire. Establishment
of jagir
and mansab systems. His Rajput policy. Evolution of religious and
social
outlook. Theory of Sulh-i-kul and religious policy. Abul Fazl,
thinker and
historian. Court patronage of art and technology.
21. Mughal empire in the 17th Century. Major policies
(administrative and
religious) of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb. The Empire and the
Zamindars.
Nature of the Mughal state. Late 17th Century crisis: Revolts. The
Ahom
kingdom, Shivaji and the early maratha kingdom.
22. Economy and society, 16th and 17th Centuries. Population.
Agricultural and
craft production. Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English
and
French companies- a "trade revolution". Indian mercantile classes.
Banking,
insurance and credit systems. Conditions of peasants, famines.
Condition of
Women.
23. Culture during Mughal Empire. Persian literature (including
historical
works). Hindi and relgious literatures. Mughal architecture. Mughal
painting.
Provincial schools of architecture and painting. Classical music.
Science and
technology. Sawai Jai Singh, astronomer. Mystic eclecticism : Dara
Shukoh.
Vaishnav Bhakti. Mahrasthra Dharma. Evolution of the Sikh community
(Khalsa).
24. First half of 18th Century: Factors behind decline of the Mughal
Empire.
The regional principalities (Nizam's Deccan, Bengal, Awadh). Rise of
Maratha
ascendancy under the Peshwas. The Maratha fiscal and financial
system.
Emergency of Afghan Power. Panipat, 1761. Internal weakness,
political
cultural and economic, on eve of the British conquest.
Paper-II
Section-A
1. Establishment of British rule in India: Factors behind
British success
against Indian powers-Mysore, Maratha Con federacy and the Punjab as
major
powers in resistance; Policy of subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of
Lapse.
2. Colonial Economy : Tribute system. Drain of wealth and
"deindustrialisation", Fiscal pressures and revenue settlements (Zamindari,
Ryotwari and Mahalwari settlements); Structure of the British raj up
to 1857
(including the Acts of 1773 and 1784 and administrative organisation).
3. Resistance to colonia rule : Early uprisings; Causes, nature and
impact of
the Revolt of 1857; Reorganisation of the Raj, 1858 and after.
4. Socio-cultural impact of colonial rule: Official social reform
measures
(1828-57); Orientalist-Anglicist controversy; coming of English
education and
the press; Christian missionary activities;Bengal Renaissance;
Social and
religious reform movements in Bengal and other areas; Women as focus
of social
reform.
5. Economy 1858-1914: Railways; Commercialisation of Indian
agriculture;
Growth of landless labourers and rural indebtedness; Famines; India
as market
for British industry; Customs removal, exchange and countervailing
excise;
Limited growth of modern industry.
6. Early Indian Nationalism: Social background; Formation of
national
associations; Peasant and tribal uprising during the early
nationalist era;
Foundation of the Indian National Congress; The Moderate phase of
the
Congress; Growth of Extremism; The Indian Council Act of 1909; Home
Rule
Movement; The Government of India Act of 1919.
7. Inter-War economy of India: Industries and problem of Protection;
Agricultural distress; the Great Depression; Ottawa agreements and
Discriminatory Protection; the growth of trade unions; The Kisan
Movement; The
economic programme of the Congress' Karachi resolution, 1931.
8. Nationalism under Gandhi's leadership: Gandhi's career, thought
and methods
of mass mobilisation; Rowlatt Satyagraha, Khilafat- Non Cooperation
Movement,
Civil Disobedience Movement, 1940 Satyagraha and Quit India
Movement; State
People's Movement.
9. Other strands of the National Movement:
a) Revolutionary movements since 1905; (b) Constitutional politics;
Swarajists, Liberals, Responsive Cooperation; (c) Ideas of Jawharlal
Nehru,
(d) The Left (Socialists and Communists); (e) Subhas Chandra Bose
and the
Indian National Army; (f) Communal strands: Muslim League and Hindu
Mahasabha; (g) Women in the National Movement.
10. Literary and cultural lmovements: Tagore, Premchand, Subramanyam
Bharati,
Iqbal as examples only; New trends in art; Film industry; Writers'
Organisations and Theatre Associations.
11. Towards Freedom: The Act of 1935; Congress Ministries,
1937-1939; The
Pakistan Movement; Post-1945 upsurge (RIN Mutiny, Telangana uprising
etc.,);
Consititutional negotiations and the Transfer of Power, 15 August
1947.
12. First phase of Independence (1947-64): Facing the consequences
of
Partition; Gandhiji's murder; economic dislocation; Integration of
States; The
democratic constitution, 1950; Agrarian reforms; Building an
industrial
welfare state; Planning and industrialisation; Foreign policy of
Non-alignment; Relations with neighbours.
Section-B
13. Enlightenment and Modern ideas
1. Renaissance Background
2. Major Ideas of Enlightenment: Kant, Rousseau
3. Spread of Enlightenment outside Europe
4. Rise of socialist ideas (to Marx)
14. Origins of Modern Politics
1. European States System
2. American Revolution and the Constitution.
3. French revolution and after math, 1789-1815.
4. British Democratic Politics, 1815-1850; Parliamentary Reformers,
Free
Traders, chartists.
15. Industriatization
1. English Industrial Revolution: Causes and Impact on Society
2. Industrialization in other countries: USA, Germany, Russia, Japan
3. Socialist Industrialization: Soviet and Chinese.
16. Nation-State System
1. Rise of Nationalism in 19th century
2. Nationalism : state-building in Germany and Italy
3. Disintegration of Empires through the emergence of nationalities.
17. Imperialism and Colonialism
1. Colonial System (Exploitation of New World, Trans-Atlantic Slave
Trade,
Tribute from Asian Conquests)
2. Types of Empire: of settlement and non-settlement: Latin America,
South
Africa, Indonesia, Australia.
3. Imperialism and Free Trade: The New Imperialism
18. Revolution and Counter-Revolution
1. 19th Century European revolutions
2. The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921
3. Fascist Counter-Revolution, Italy and Germany.
4. The Chinese Revolution of 1949
19. World Wars
1. 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars: Societal Implications
2. World War I : Causes and Consequences
3. World War II : Political Consequence
20. Cold War
1. Emergence of Two Blocs
2. Integration of West Europe and US Strategy; Communist East Europe
3. Emergence of Third World and Non-Alignment
4. UN and Dispute Resolution
21. Colonial Liberation
1. Latin America-Bolivar
2. Arab World-Egypt
3. Africa-Apartheid to Democracy
4. South-East Asia-Vietnam
22. Decolonization and Underdevelopment
1. Decolonization: Break up of colonial Empires: British, French,
Duth
2. Factors constraining Development : Latin America, Africa
23. Unification of Europe
1. Post War Foundations : NATO and European Community
2. Consolidation and Expansion of European Community/European Union.
24. Soviety Disintegration and the Unipolar World
1. Factors in the collapse of Soviet communism and the Soviet Union,
1985-1991
2. Political Changes in East Europe 1989-1992
3. End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the World
4. Globalization |
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