Substance and Attributes : Aristole, Descartes, Locke, Berkeley's criticism, Nyaya-Viasesika, Buddhist criticism of Pudgala.

God, Soul and the World : Thomas Acquinas, St. Augustine, Spinoza, Descartes, Nyaya-Vaisesika, Sankara, Ramanuja.

Universals : Realism and Nominalism (Plato, Aristotle, Berkeley's criticism of abstract ideas, Nyay-Vaisesika, Buddhism).

Bases of Knowledge : Pramanavada in Carvaka, Nyaya-Vaisesika, Buddhism, Advaita Vedanta.

Truth and Error : Correspondence Theory, Coherence theory, Pragmatic Theory; Khyativada (Anyathakhyati, Akhyati, Anivacaniyakhyati).

Matter and Mind : Descartes, Spinoza, Leibnitz, Berkerley.

Truth and Validity

Classification of sentences : Traditional and Modern.

Syllogism : Figures and Moods; Rules of Syllogism (General and special) validation by Venn Diagrames; Formal Fallacies.

Sentential Calculus : Symbolisation; Truth-Functions and their interdefinability; Truth Tables; Formal Proof.

Statement of fact and statement of value.

Right and Good; Teleology and Deontology.

Psychological Hedonism.

Utilitarianism (Bentham; J.S. Mill).

Kantian Ethics.

Problem of the freedom of will.

Moral Judgements : Descriptivism, Prescriptivism, Emotivism.

Niskamakarma : Sthitaprajna.

Jaina Ethics

Four Noble Truths and Eight fold path in Buddhism.

Gandhian Ethics : Satya, Ahimsa, Ends and Means.