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Syllabus:
Botany Preliminary |
1. Cell Biology : Structure and
function of cell wall (extra cellular matrix or
ECM), cell membrane and cell organelles. Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear
pore
complex (NPC), chromosome and nucleosome. Mitosis, meiosis,
molecular control
involving checkpoints in cell division cycle. Differentiation,
cellular
senescence.
2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology : Laws of
inheritance. Concept
of gene and allelomorph. Linkage, crossing over and gene mapping.
Structural and
numerical changes in chromosomes and gene mutations. Sex
determination and
differentiation. Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and
proteins. Genetic
code. Regulation of gene expression. Genetic engineering and crop
improvement.
Protoplast, cell, tissue and organ cultures. Somatic hybridization.
Biofertilizers and biopesticides. Biotechnology in agri-horticulture,
medicine
and industry.
3. Tissue Systems : Origin, development, structure and function of
primary and
secondary tissues.
4. Plant Diversity and Systematics : Structure and function of plant
forms from
evolutionary aspects (viruses to Angiosperms including fossils).
Principles of
nomenclature, classification and identification of plants. Modern
approaches in
plant taxonomy. Recent classification of living organism into three
groups
(bacteria, archaea and eukarya).
5. Plant Physiology: Water relations. Mineral nutrition.
Photosynthesis.
Respiration. Nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes and coenzymes. Dynamics of
growth,
growth movements, growth substances, photomorphogenesis. Secondary
metabolites.
Isotopes in biological studies. Physiology of flowering.
6. Methods of Reproduction and Seed Biology : Vegetative, asexual
and sexual
methods of reproduction. Pollination and fertilization. Sexual
incompatibility.
Development, structure, dormancy and germination of seed.
7. Plant Pathology : Diseases of rice, wheat, sugarcane, potato,
mustard,
groundnut and cotton crops. Factors affecting infection (host
factors, pathogen
factors, biotic factors like rhizosphere and phyllosphere
organisms). Chemical,
biological and genetic methods of disease control (including
transgenic plants).
8. Plant and Environment : Biotic and abiotic components. Ecological
adaptation.
Types of vegetational zones and forests of India. Deforestation,
afforestation,
social forestry and plant introduction. Soil erosion, wasteland,
reclamation.
Environmental pollution and its control (including phytoremediation).
Bioindicators. Global warming.
9. Biodiversity, Plant Genetic Resources: Methods of conservation of
plant
genetic resources and its importance. Convention of Biological
Diversity (CBD).
Endangered, threatened and endemic taxa. Role of cell/tissue culture
in
propagation and enrichment of genetic diversity. Plants as sources
of food,
fodder, forage, fibres, oils, drugs, wood and timber, paper, rubber,
beverages,
spices, essential oils and resins, gums, dyes, insecticides,
pesticides and
ornamentation. Biomass as a source of energy.
10. Origin of Life and Evolution: Basic concepts of origin of earth
and origin
of life. Theories of organic evolution, molecular basis of
evolution.
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